Resumen: A review of the literature demonstrates an association between noise and anger. It is hypothesised, however, that this association would not be the same for every subject, but depend on a large range of psychobiological differences between individuals, dependent on age, sex, and noise sensitivity of each subject. The aim of this study was
to investigate these eventual individual differences in how the subjective sensitivity to noise is associated to different dimensions of anger in adolescents of different age and of both sexes. Methods: For this purpose two selfreport instruments were chosen: the Sensitivity to Noise test (SENSIT) (Santisteban, 1990, 1992) and the State-Trait Anger expression Inventory (STAXI) (Spielberger, 1988). Results: showed: a) a globally significant correlationship between sensitivity to noise and the different anger aspects: feelings (in anger state), temperament (in trait anger), and internal expression (in anger expression); and b) different characteristics according to the psychobiological peculiarities of each subject (subjective sensitivity to noise, age, sex). Conclusions: in accordance to the hypothesis, the present results suggest that noise may act as a stressor causing unwanted aversive changes in an affective state, such as anger; b) that these changes are related to several psychobiological characteristics of the subject, such as age, sex, and individual sensitivity to noise; and c) that noise sensitivity, measured by SENSIT, may be used as a good predictor of anger.
Resumen: The purpose of the present study was: first, to offer a few theoretical considerations on the concept of human aggression and its main types; and second, to analyse the relationship between those types of aggression and other related psychological constructs, such as anger, hostility, and impulsivity, summarizing the main empirical results of our research in progress.
In order to assess their eventual correlations, several self-report techniques were compared: a) AQ, used to measure several kinds of aggression, anger, and hostility; b) CAMA, a questionnaire already used in a variety of cultures, for measuring attitudes toward interpersonal aggression in different instrumental and hostile situations; c) ASQ, an instrument for measuring experienced anger and its expression in assertive or aggressive ways; and d) BIS, used to prove three impulsiveness sub-traits: motor, attentional, and non-planning impulsiveness. The different definitions of aggression may be grouped according to whether the primary goal is distress or harm, focusing primarily on the objective infliction of harm, or on the subjective intention of harming. Most classifications in the literature show two kinds of aggression, even if different names are used: Hostile Aggression (among other names it is also known as 'reactive, impulsive, or affective') is an act primarily oriented to hurt another individual; and Instrumental Aggression (also known as 'proactive, premeditated, or predative') is a means or tool for solving problems or for obtaining a variety of objectives. As predicted, there was a positive correlation between experience and expression of anger. Anger involved physiological arousal and prepared for aggression. Anger and impulsiveness were also positively correlated with hostile aggression, but not with instrumental aggression. In the case of impulsiveness, non-planning impulsiveness was positively correlated with some situations related to hostile aggression, such as emotional agitation or lack of communication, but not with instrumental one.
Palabras clave: Aggression, Anger, Hostility, Impulsivity, Hostile Aggression, Instrumental Aggression, Experience and expression of Anger
Resumen: Anger is a basic emotion experienced in several aversive situations. In this study, the relation between Anger, Fear, and Sadness, as well as the dimensions of
Valence, Arousal, and Dominance, were examined. It was hypothesized that pictures showing an Intention to Harm would evoke not only Anger, but also Fear and Sadness,
and that this would be correlated with low
Valence, high Arousal, and high Dominance. To this end, 45 healthy volunteers (25 women and 20 men; M age=272 yr" SD = 9.5) recorded appraisals for each of these emotional experience while viewing 120 pictures selected from the International Affective Picture System, Data were analyzed with a linear mixed model and a hierarchical classes approach to identify differences and corrclations between emotional categories. Results indicate that those pictures showing Intention to Harm generate higher Anger and Fear, while pictures representing Frustration of Goals leads to higher Sadness. In addition, high Anger, Fear, and Sadness are associated with low Valence, moderate Arousal, and high Dominance.
These findings suggest that the experience of Anger requires the inference of the other' s mental and physical state and need the regulation of cognitive and affective
systems acting together. The study of this emotion should consider both categorical and dimensional approaches in order to define its coherent features.
Resumen: The purpose of the present study is to analyse the relationship between the main symptoms of the AHA-Syndrome – anger, hostility, and aggression – summarising the main empirical results of our research in normal people. The different definitions of aggression may be grouped according to whether the primary goal is distress or harm, focussing primarily
on the objective infliction of harm, or on the subjective intention of harming. Most classifications in the literature show two kinds of aggression, even if different names are used: (i) hostile aggression – also known as reactive, impulsive, or affective – is an act, primarily oriented to hurt another individual; and (ii) instrumental aggression – also known as proactive, premeditated, or predative – is a means or tool for solving problems, or for obtaining a variety of objectives. As predicted, there was a positive correlation between the experience and expression of anger. Anger involved physiological arousal and prepared for aggression. Finally, hostility positively correlated with anger and different kinds of aggression, but not its degree of justification.
Resumen: Cardiodynamic and hemodynamic reactions to emotion-eliciting film sequences were investigated. Thirty-two healthy subjects (12 women, 20 men) were randomly assigned to one of two groups. In the first group, anger was induced using selected scenes of the film “Ragtime.” In the second group, scenes of the film “The Shining” were chosen to elicit fear. A documentary
film was used as a baseline stimulus in both groups. EKG, impedance cardiography, and blood pressure were continuously monitored. The two emotional conditions elicited significant differential changes in subjective ratings and cardiovascular indices. Fear was associated with decreased cardiac output, increased total peripheral resistance, and a reduction in stroke volume and myocardial contractility. Anger was associated with an increase of cardiac output and small changes in total peripheral resistance. These results support the hypothesis that discrete emotions such as fear and anger elicit differential patterns of physiological responses.
Palabras clave: Humans, Impedance cardiography, Blood pressure, Anger, Fear, Anxiety, Ragtime film, The Shining film
Resumen: Pleasure/displeasure is the common currency for accessing behavior in response to the various emotions; no emotion is hedonically indifferent. The hedonic dimension is what pathognomonically defines emotion. Pleasure thus makes emotion a motivating experience.
